Segregating generations will be evaluated using a combination of pedigree and single seed descent selection strategies. Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china. Prospects of twoline hybrid rice breeding in tamil nadu, india. Hybrid rice clicks better in poor than agriculturally prosperous states farmers in the green revolution regions show less interest in seed technology that has produced recordbreaking yields in china. Molecular breeding of rice restorer lines and hybrids for. Hybrid rice is a proven and successful technology for rice production. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and. Breeding summary breeding nursery 1815 lines 100 themosensitive male sterile lines 1510 from previous breeding program 205 diverse lines from usda mini core collection. These comprehensive results provide insight into how hybrid rice adoption in the midsouth affects producer livelihoods, food security, and environmental sustainability.
Hence, arises the urgent need to increase rice production and of the several available options, hybrid rice technology is. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china. However, many goals can be identified for this crop varying in importance from region to region, country to country, and even within a given country. Seeds harvested from the hybrid plant are not recommended for replanting because the hybrid vigor is lost because of genetic. A wild abortive watype cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice and contributes to 10% of the total rice cultivated area worldwide li et al. The focus of rice breeding for highphotosynthetic efficiency is to explore potential of. March 2000 february 2005 an update has been written for this document, available here introduction. Chinese experiences in breeding threeline, twoline and super. Hybrid rice breeding in china lin shihcheng and yuan loungping male sterility in rice and its potential use in breeding j. Hybrid rice breeding uses several concepts, skills and procedures which are strikingly different from those used for inbreds rice breeding. Farmers can not use their seed from the past season like they can with inbred rice. Nucleus and breeder seed production of a, b, r, and tgms lines. Current status and future prospects for breeding hybrid rice and wheat.
Therefore, breeding hybrid rice resistant to bph is the most effective and economical strategy to maintain high and stable production. Breeding history asia was desperate for food after world war ii. It has its own breeding programme and is already in the midst of implementing a contractfarming hybrid rice scheme in the northern state of kedah. Other linked sal covering unknown qtl are indicated by the dotted circles design the breeding of highyield, superiorquality, hybrid super rice 4. Comparative performance of hybrid and elite inbred rice. Heterosis and hybrid rice breeding sant singh virmani. Recent progress on molecular breeding of rice in china. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids brri hybrid dhan2 and heera2 and one elite inbred brri dhan45 rice varieties. These call for a need for an appraisal of the hybrid rice sector in asia and identify a. Increase in grain yield potential is the major goal of almost all rice breeders programs. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice. The international rice research institute irri has offered several shortterm training courses in hybrid rice breeding. The other company pushing hybrid rice along in malaysia is the palm oil conglomerate sime darby. These genes have been used in molecular breeding of rice for highphotosynthetic efficiency as a new means of physiological breeding, relative to rice breeding of plant architecture in the 1960s.
Hybrid rice breeding manual books international rice research. Hybrid rice has proven to be an effective way to enhance rice production. Materials and methods the value of blast resistance in hybrid rice. Significance of hybrid rice technology to bolster the yield potential of rice was realized and the research on hybrid rice at coimbatore was commissioned in the year 1989. Hybrid rice has played an important role for total grain production to consecutively increase for nine years in china. Solution for breeding of inter subspecific hybrid rice. Breeding highyield superior quality hybrid super rice by. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice oryza sativa l. Genetic analysis on some agromorphological characters of. Based on these materials, and the experience of hybrid rice scientists from china and irri, this training manual on the twoline hybrid breeding method has been prepared, which expands upon the hybrid rice breeding manual published earlier by irri. Heterosis breeding is the one of the strongest tool for breeder to complete targated demand of 2030 as rice is self pollinated species male sterility is essential for hybrid rice production.
About 20 30 % yield advantage of hybrid rice should be than commercialcheck. The development of hybrid rice is a practical approach for increasing rice production. The development of hybrid rice breeding has occurred in three phases, each using a particular methodology. Compared to inbred lines, hybrid rice varieties have an average yield advantage of about 20. This study on plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables, maize and pulses in bangladesh is an input to a sixcountry study of plant breeding and seed systems. This is the story of the research that would ultimately change the face of agriculture across asia. Hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of crossbreeding. China has been successful in breeding hybrid rice strains, but is now facing challenges to develop new hybrids with highyielding potential. Plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables. Hybrid breeding in maize and rice as well as in other crops has made a significant contribution to the increase of crop yield. The objective of the study was to study the development of high yielding rice varieties by crossing cultivated paddy rice and local upland rice varieties. These must be learned by plant breeders before initiating a comprehensive hybrid rice breeding programme. Provided here is a concise account of hybrid breeding in rice, a newly deployed breeding approach to increase the yield.
Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. In india, aprh1 is the first hybrid rice variety released in 1994. Prospects of twoline hybrid rice breeding in tamil nadu. Super hybrid rice in china peng jiming professor china national hybrid rice research and development centre dec. An increase in productivity is always one of the main goals of any crop breeding program including rice. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china yonghong wang, yongbiao xue and jiayang li institute of genetics and developmental biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china china is the largest producer and consumer of rice in the world and a pioneer in applying hybrid rice technology. Organization of hybrid rice breeding program using cms system, 27. Because of the great impact of watype cms on agriculture, many studies have attempted to elucidate the cmscausing gene in wa mitochondria and to determine the fertility restorer genes for wacms.
Initially it shows how diverse rice is with 22 species, different levels of ploidy and six diversity groups. In the town of malaybalay, on the southern island of mindanao, in the philippines, there is a sign on the highway that reads. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with. Project methods use of hybridization, backcrossing, anther culture, and any other breeding techniques for producing breeding materials with improved plant type, disease resistance, rough rice and head rice yields, and quality characteristics. The numerous examples of mas in rice have prompted many breeding institutes to establish molecular breeding labs. Breeding highyield superiorquality hybrid superrice by. More than 35 hybrid rice varieties have been released in india till now. Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china yang shihua, cheng benyi, wu jianli, shen weifeng, c heng shihua china national rice research institute, hangzhou 36, china abstract. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear.
Rice molecular breeding laboratories in the genomics era. The last decade has produced an enormous amount of genomics research in rice. In the meantime, the technology of hybrid rice seed production has been well developed to give an average seed yield of 2. Hybrid rice clicks better in poor than agriculturally prosperous states. The first generation offspring of a rice cross between two genetically diverse parents. Twoline hybrid rice breeding manual home irri rice. Genomic selection of agronomic traits in hybrid rice using. Studies on three countries in subsaharan africa ghana, malawi and kenya, two in asia bangladesh and thailand and one in. Rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or photoperiod thermosensitive genic male sterile lines ptgms as female. Rice is the most important food crop of the developing world and the demand for it is growing. Department of rice, centre for plant breeding and genetics, tamil nadu agricultural university, coimbatore 641 003,tamil nadu, india.
Hybrid breeding is an effective tool to improve yield in rice, while parental selection remains the key. Rice breeding and varieties university of missouri. Consequently, f1 rice hybrid have been successfully developed and used in china. Breeding method for rice high yield include conventional hybridization and selection, f1 hybrid breeding, ideotype ideal plant type breeding and enhancement of photosynthesis 8. A large number of new varieties, especially hybrid rice, have been developed and released in china since 1998. Difficult in breeding intersubspecific hybrid rice low seed set tall plant height poor grainfilling late maturity grain quality market solution for breeding of intersubspecific hybrid rice wide compatibility wc genes allelic dwarf gene indicajavanica hybrids in indica rice growing region japonicajavanica hybrids in japonica rice growing. Concepts and breeding of heterosis in crop plants, the third joint plant breeding symposia, was held on sunday, 3 november 1996 in indianapolis at the. In the us, china and india, the development, sale and planting of hybrid rice seed has increased greatly over the past two decades. The strategy document was endorsed by the country representatives and other. Tamil nadu state tn in india has high elevation suitable for using the tgms system to develop twoline hybrid rice. Prospects of developing hybrid rice varieties elsewhere appear bright especially in countries that have organized seed production, certification and distribution programs and where hybrid seed can be produced at a reasonable cost. Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding. Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in. Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties.
Although the development of hybrids and the production of hybrid seed is very difficult, the perception of hybrid vigor exceeding the yield of conventional varieties has propelled the development of a new industry. Molecular control of male fertility for crop hybrid breeding. Original article open access genomic selection of agronomic traits in hybrid rice using an ncii population yang xu1, xin wang1, xiaowen ding1, xingfei zheng2, zefeng yang1, chenwu xu1 and zhongli hu2 abstract background. Hybrid rice exploits the phenomenon of hetrosis which can increase the yield potential over hyvs. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Research on heterosis, male sterility systems, outcrossing mechanisms. Development and characterization of rice mutants for. Hybrid rice research is being conducted in 12 rice research centers of india.