Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china yonghong wang, yongbiao xue and jiayang li institute of genetics and developmental biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china china is the largest producer and consumer of rice in the world and a pioneer in applying hybrid rice technology. Breeding highyield superiorquality hybrid superrice by. Materials and methods the value of blast resistance in hybrid rice. Nucleus and breeder seed production of a, b, r, and tgms lines. Studies on three countries in subsaharan africa ghana, malawi and kenya, two in asia bangladesh and thailand and one in. Other linked sal covering unknown qtl are indicated by the dotted circles design the breeding of highyield, superiorquality, hybrid super rice 4. Hybrid rice research is being conducted in 12 rice research centers of india. This is the story of the research that would ultimately change the face of agriculture across asia. A wild abortive watype cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice and contributes to 10% of the total rice cultivated area worldwide li et al. Hybrid rice breeding manual books international rice research. Significance of hybrid rice technology to bolster the yield potential of rice was realized and the research on hybrid rice at coimbatore was commissioned in the year 1989. Super hybrid rice in china peng jiming professor china national hybrid rice research and development centre dec.
The focus of rice breeding for highphotosynthetic efficiency is to explore potential of. Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in. However, many goals can be identified for this crop varying in importance from region to region, country to country, and even within a given country. An increase in productivity is always one of the main goals of any crop breeding program including rice.
Provided here is a concise account of hybrid breeding in rice, a newly deployed breeding approach to increase the yield. Plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables. The development of hybrid rice breeding has occurred in three phases, each using a particular methodology. This study on plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables, maize and pulses in bangladesh is an input to a sixcountry study of plant breeding and seed systems. Breeding rice for droughtprone environments 2 about this manual the breeding approach is to know the target environment in which the improved varieties are to be grown and ensure that the testing environments represent that environment. Seeds harvested from the hybrid plant are not recommended for replanting because the hybrid vigor is lost because of genetic. Prospects of twoline hybrid rice breeding in tamil nadu. Current status and future prospects for breeding hybrid rice and wheat. Difficult in breeding intersubspecific hybrid rice low seed set tall plant height poor grainfilling late maturity grain quality market solution for breeding of intersubspecific hybrid rice wide compatibility wc genes allelic dwarf gene indicajavanica hybrids in indica rice growing region japonicajavanica hybrids in japonica rice growing. Initially it shows how diverse rice is with 22 species, different levels of ploidy and six diversity groups. Project methods use of hybridization, backcrossing, anther culture, and any other breeding techniques for producing breeding materials with improved plant type, disease resistance, rough rice and head rice yields, and quality characteristics.
These comprehensive results provide insight into how hybrid rice adoption in the midsouth affects producer livelihoods, food security, and environmental sustainability. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with. Hybrid rice has played an important role for total grain production to consecutively increase for nine years in china. It has its own breeding programme and is already in the midst of implementing a contractfarming hybrid rice scheme in the northern state of kedah. Compared to inbred lines, hybrid rice varieties have an average yield advantage of about 20. Original article open access genomic selection of agronomic traits in hybrid rice using an ncii population yang xu1, xin wang1, xiaowen ding1, xingfei zheng2, zefeng yang1, chenwu xu1 and zhongli hu2 abstract background. Genetic analysis on some agromorphological characters of.
These call for a need for an appraisal of the hybrid rice sector in asia and identify a. Breeding highyield superior quality hybrid super rice by. To develop super hybrid rice, considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield, good quality, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to stresses. The first generation offspring of a rice cross between two genetically diverse parents. Prospects of twoline hybrid rice breeding in tamil nadu, india. Hybrid rice clicks better in poor than agriculturally prosperous states farmers in the green revolution regions show less interest in seed technology that has produced recordbreaking yields in china. In the meantime, the technology of hybrid rice seed production has been well developed to give an average seed yield of 2. March 2000 february 2005 an update has been written for this document, available here introduction. The other company pushing hybrid rice along in malaysia is the palm oil conglomerate sime darby. Using dna markers in plant breeding with markerassisted selection mas could greatly improve the precision and efficiency of selection, leading to the accelerated development of new crop varieties. Hybrid rice clicks better in poor than agriculturally prosperous states.
Segregating generations will be evaluated using a combination of pedigree and single seed descent selection strategies. Therefore, breeding hybrid rice resistant to bph is the most effective and economical strategy to maintain high and stable production. Hybrid rice is now a viable commercial product in countries such as china and india that rely on this plant as their major food cereal. Solution for breeding of inter subspecific hybrid rice. Consequently, f1 rice hybrid have been successfully developed and used in china. Breeding summary breeding nursery 1815 lines 100 themosensitive male sterile lines 1510 from previous breeding program 205 diverse lines from usda mini core collection. Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding. Hence, arises the urgent need to increase rice production and of the several available options, hybrid rice technology is. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. Rice breeding and varieties university of missouri.
Concepts and breeding of heterosis in crop plants, the third joint plant breeding symposia, was held on sunday, 3 november 1996 in indianapolis at the. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Hybrid rice is a proven and successful technology for rice production. A regional strategy for sustainable hybrid rice development in asia with the contribution of all those attended the consultation meeting as well as those experts from fao, irri, apsa, ifpri and other national institutions. Chinese experiences in breeding threeline, twoline and super. These must be learned by plant breeders before initiating a comprehensive hybrid rice breeding programme. More than 35 hybrid rice varieties have been released in india till now. Hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of crossbreeding. Department of rice, centre for plant breeding and genetics, tamil nadu agricultural university, coimbatore 641 003,tamil nadu, india. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice oryza sativa l.
Genomic selection of agronomic traits in hybrid rice using. The strategy document was endorsed by the country representatives and other. Research on heterosis, male sterility systems, outcrossing mechanisms. Development and characterization of rice mutants for. The international rice research institute irri has offered several shortterm training courses in hybrid rice breeding. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids brri hybrid dhan2 and heera2 and one elite inbred brri dhan45 rice varieties. The numerous examples of mas in rice have prompted many breeding institutes to establish molecular breeding labs. Hybrid breeding is an effective tool to improve yield in rice, while parental selection remains the key. Rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or photoperiod thermosensitive genic male sterile lines ptgms as female. Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china. China has been successful in breeding hybrid rice strains, but is now facing challenges to develop new hybrids with highyielding potential. Breeding method for rice high yield include conventional hybridization and selection, f1 hybrid breeding, ideotype ideal plant type breeding and enhancement of photosynthesis 8. Hybrid rice breeding uses several concepts, skills and procedures which are strikingly different from those used for inbreds rice breeding.
Hybrid rice panicles 2 on top and panicle from an inbred below the disadvantages of hybrid rice are. Prospects of developing hybrid rice varieties elsewhere appear bright especially in countries that have organized seed production, certification and distribution programs and where hybrid seed can be produced at a reasonable cost. The production, consumption, and environmental impacts of. Organization of hybrid rice breeding program using cms system, 27. Comparative performance of hybrid and elite inbred rice. Because of the great impact of watype cms on agriculture, many studies have attempted to elucidate the cmscausing gene in wa mitochondria and to determine the fertility restorer genes for wacms. Heterosis and hybrid rice breeding sant singh virmani. The objective of the study was to study the development of high yielding rice varieties by crossing cultivated paddy rice and local upland rice varieties. The identification of more malesterility genes and understanding of gene function in different crops is the highest priority for hybrid crop breeding. Increase in grain yield potential is the major goal of almost all rice breeders programs. Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china yang shihua, cheng benyi, wu jianli, shen weifeng, c heng shihua china national rice research institute, hangzhou 36, china abstract.
Progress in research and development on hybrid rice. Hybrid rice has proven to be an effective way to enhance rice production. Hybrid rice breeding in china lin shihcheng and yuan loungping male sterility in rice and its potential use in breeding j. Although the development of hybrids and the production of hybrid seed is very difficult, the perception of hybrid vigor exceeding the yield of conventional varieties has propelled the development of a new industry. Molecular breeding of rice restorer lines and hybrids for.
Breeding history asia was desperate for food after world war ii. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china. Recent progress on molecular breeding of rice in china. Molecular control of male fertility for crop hybrid breeding. Twoline hybrid rice breeding manual home irri rice.
The development of hybrid rice is a practical approach for increasing rice production. Based on these materials, and the experience of hybrid rice scientists from china and irri, this training manual on the twoline hybrid breeding method has been prepared, which expands upon the hybrid rice breeding manual published earlier by irri. About 20 30 % yield advantage of hybrid rice should be than commercialcheck. Farmers can not use their seed from the past season like they can with inbred rice. A large number of new varieties, especially hybrid rice, have been developed and released in china since 1998. Hybrid rice exploits the phenomenon of hetrosis which can increase the yield potential over hyvs. Rice molecular breeding laboratories in the genomics era. In india, aprh1 is the first hybrid rice variety released in 1994. In the town of malaybalay, on the southern island of mindanao, in the philippines, there is a sign on the highway that reads. Tamil nadu state tn in india has high elevation suitable for using the tgms system to develop twoline hybrid rice. In the us, china and india, the development, sale and planting of hybrid rice seed has increased greatly over the past two decades.
The last decade has produced an enormous amount of genomics research in rice. Rice is the most important food crop of the developing world and the demand for it is growing. These genes have been used in molecular breeding of rice for highphotosynthetic efficiency as a new means of physiological breeding, relative to rice breeding of plant architecture in the 1960s. Hybrid breeding in maize and rice as well as in other crops has made a significant contribution to the increase of crop yield. Heterosis breeding is the one of the strongest tool for breeder to complete targated demand of 2030 as rice is self pollinated species male sterility is essential for hybrid rice production. Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. Organization of hybrid rice breeding program using cms system. Buy an introduction to hybrid rice breeding on free shipping on qualified orders.